An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – The Iraqi Prime Minister has called on Donald Trump to withdraw his forces from the country as soon as possible, because the possibility of a violent conflict between the Iraqi people and American troops has greatly increased. In other words, the withdrawal of 2,000 American troops will be a prelude to the complete withdrawal of these forces from Iraq.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Researcher on West Asian Issues
Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Following the formation of Mustafa al-Kazemi’s government Iraq today is sailing on a boat that will inevitably have to cross a large whirlpool much of whose potential is secured outside the borders. Perhaps the only force that can ensure the safety of this boat and its successful passage is the cooperation and unity of Iraqi parties and the patience of the Iraqi people to resolve the situation in their country, at the beginning of which putting government organizations and institutions in order is among the most infrastructural affairs.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – The Iraqi Prime Minister has called on Donald Trump to withdraw his forces from the country as soon as possible, because the possibility of a violent conflict between the Iraqi people and American troops has greatly increased. In other words, the withdrawal of 2,000 American troops will be a prelude to the complete withdrawal of these forces from Iraq.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Researcher on West Asian Issues
Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Following the formation of Mustafa al-Kazemi’s government Iraq today is sailing on a boat that will inevitably have to cross a large whirlpool much of whose potential is secured outside the borders. Perhaps the only force that can ensure the safety of this boat and its successful passage is the cooperation and unity of Iraqi parties and the patience of the Iraqi people to resolve the situation in their country, at the beginning of which putting government organizations and institutions in order is among the most infrastructural affairs.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – The Iraqi Prime Minister has called on Donald Trump to withdraw his forces from the country as soon as possible, because the possibility of a violent conflict between the Iraqi people and American troops has greatly increased. In other words, the withdrawal of 2,000 American troops will be a prelude to the complete withdrawal of these forces from Iraq.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Researcher on West Asian Issues
Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Following the formation of Mustafa al-Kazemi’s government Iraq today is sailing on a boat that will inevitably have to cross a large whirlpool much of whose potential is secured outside the borders. Perhaps the only force that can ensure the safety of this boat and its successful passage is the cooperation and unity of Iraqi parties and the patience of the Iraqi people to resolve the situation in their country, at the beginning of which putting government organizations and institutions in order is among the most infrastructural affairs.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – The Iraqi Prime Minister has called on Donald Trump to withdraw his forces from the country as soon as possible, because the possibility of a violent conflict between the Iraqi people and American troops has greatly increased. In other words, the withdrawal of 2,000 American troops will be a prelude to the complete withdrawal of these forces from Iraq.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Researcher on West Asian Issues
Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Following the formation of Mustafa al-Kazemi’s government Iraq today is sailing on a boat that will inevitably have to cross a large whirlpool much of whose potential is secured outside the borders. Perhaps the only force that can ensure the safety of this boat and its successful passage is the cooperation and unity of Iraqi parties and the patience of the Iraqi people to resolve the situation in their country, at the beginning of which putting government organizations and institutions in order is among the most infrastructural affairs.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – The Iraqi Prime Minister has called on Donald Trump to withdraw his forces from the country as soon as possible, because the possibility of a violent conflict between the Iraqi people and American troops has greatly increased. In other words, the withdrawal of 2,000 American troops will be a prelude to the complete withdrawal of these forces from Iraq.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Researcher on West Asian Issues
Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Following the formation of Mustafa al-Kazemi’s government Iraq today is sailing on a boat that will inevitably have to cross a large whirlpool much of whose potential is secured outside the borders. Perhaps the only force that can ensure the safety of this boat and its successful passage is the cooperation and unity of Iraqi parties and the patience of the Iraqi people to resolve the situation in their country, at the beginning of which putting government organizations and institutions in order is among the most infrastructural affairs.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – The Iraqi Prime Minister has called on Donald Trump to withdraw his forces from the country as soon as possible, because the possibility of a violent conflict between the Iraqi people and American troops has greatly increased. In other words, the withdrawal of 2,000 American troops will be a prelude to the complete withdrawal of these forces from Iraq.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Researcher on West Asian Issues
Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Following the formation of Mustafa al-Kazemi’s government Iraq today is sailing on a boat that will inevitably have to cross a large whirlpool much of whose potential is secured outside the borders. Perhaps the only force that can ensure the safety of this boat and its successful passage is the cooperation and unity of Iraqi parties and the patience of the Iraqi people to resolve the situation in their country, at the beginning of which putting government organizations and institutions in order is among the most infrastructural affairs.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – The Iraqi Prime Minister has called on Donald Trump to withdraw his forces from the country as soon as possible, because the possibility of a violent conflict between the Iraqi people and American troops has greatly increased. In other words, the withdrawal of 2,000 American troops will be a prelude to the complete withdrawal of these forces from Iraq.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Researcher on West Asian Issues
Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Following the formation of Mustafa al-Kazemi’s government Iraq today is sailing on a boat that will inevitably have to cross a large whirlpool much of whose potential is secured outside the borders. Perhaps the only force that can ensure the safety of this boat and its successful passage is the cooperation and unity of Iraqi parties and the patience of the Iraqi people to resolve the situation in their country, at the beginning of which putting government organizations and institutions in order is among the most infrastructural affairs.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.