جدیدترین مطالب

Impact of Operation Cobweb on the Future Course of the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: While Donald Trump, the President of the United States, was pressuring the parties involved in the Ukraine war to initiate negotiations to end the conflict, Operation Cobweb emerged as an unexpected development that transformed the dynamics of this war. This operation, which led to the destruction of several Russian strategic Tu-22M3 bombers, has raised questions about the future of negotiations, the escalation of tensions, and its strategic implications for Russia’s foreign policy and relations with NATO.

Europe’s New Security Strategy Aimed at Defense Self-Sufficiency

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: On June 2, 2025, the Council of the European Union took an unprecedented step toward strengthening Europe’s military self-sufficiency by officially approving a new defense fund worth 150 billion euros. This decision, made after decades of institutional debate and effort in common security policy, is now regarded not merely as a technical or budgetary initiative but as a reflection of a paradigm shift in Europe’s strategic outlook on its security future.

Impact of the U.S.-China Tariff War on Iran’s Economy

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An economist and university faculty member stated that the temporary agreement between the U.S. and China to reduce trade tariffs, recently announced in Geneva, is a turning point in easing trade tensions between the two largest economies in the world. This development, which led to positive reactions in global markets and a rise in economic indicators, has indirect consequences for Iran’s economy.

Reasons for NATO’s Interest in a Military Partnership with Iraq

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that Christoph Henzi, the new NATO commander in Iraq, recently emphasized the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) continued commitment to coordinating and cooperating with Iraqi military and security institutions through experience-sharing, advisory services, and capacity-building.

Prospect of Military Confrontation Between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior West Asia affairs analyst stated that the recent ceasefire agreement between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the U.S., mediated by Oman, led to the cessation of Ansarullah’s attacks on non-Israeli ships in the Red Sea and the suspension of American airstrikes. This agreement, reached after weeks of intense clashes—during which Ansarullah targeted the USS Harry Truman aircraft carrier with missile and drone attacks, inflicting over a billion dollars in losses on the U.S.—marks a turning point in Yemen’s strategic equations. Ansarullah’s military successes, from downing MQ-9 Reaper drones to missile strikes on Ben Gurion Airport, which halted its operations and sent millions of Zionists to shelters, have solidified its position as a key player in the Axis of Resistance.

An Analysis of the Escalating Isolation of Netanyahu Govt Worldwide

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Netanyahu’s cabinet, which has recently launched a new military operation in Gaza, is insanely massacring civilians. The continuation of the war until the complete destruction of Gaza and its takeover is the ultimate goal of the Zionist regime’s recent military operation.

Reasons for the EU’s Cautious Approach Toward U.S. Tariff Hikes

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A European and American affairs expert stated that the European Union, due to its unstable economic situation and the Ukraine issue, is compelled to accommodate the U.S., and thus, it does not challenge America over the tariff hikes.

An Analysis of the Resumption of Diplomatic Relations Between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online– Interview: A senior analyst on South Asian affairs stated that after a period of escalating tensions, which led to the mass expulsion of Afghan refugees from Pakistan and a downgrade in diplomatic relations between Islamabad and Kabul, the two sides have strategically resumed relations at the ambassador level. This development, which followed high-level consultations and coincided with an informal trilateral meeting of the foreign ministers of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China in Beijing, signals a shared willingness to rebuild trust and deepen security and economic cooperation. This diplomatic shift must be understood as the result of intersecting security, economic, and geopolitical factors.

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Kashmir’s Muslims

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online: According to the agreement reached between the United States and the Taliban in March 2018, the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan will begin and by mid-July (July 2020) the number of US combat troops will reach 8600 persons. This is happening at a time when the bilateral security agreement between the United States and the Afghan government is still valid. In addition, in recent months, the activities of terrorist groups in Afghanistan have not diminished, but in addition to the Taliban’s spring attacks, ISIS terrorist activities in Afghanistan are taking civilian tolls from among the oppressed people of Afghanistan, and the atmosphere of insecurity has not changed. Although the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan is important, it may have significant implications for the future of Afghanistan and the region, given the shortcomings and negligence in fulfilling their commitments, especially in the field of training Afghan forces. Americans should accept responsibility and pay the damages.
Seyed Mostafa Hashemi – Afghan Affairs Expert

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Strategic Council Online: Given that Kashmir is considered one of the main red lines of the Pakistani government and people, Saudi Arabia has essentially adopted a thoughtful silence in this regard, which has become a challenge in relations between the two countries.
Mohammad Reza Asgari Moroudi – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Strategic Council Online: An Asian affairs analyst attributed the recent tension between Islamabad and New Delhi to the Kashmir issue and to some extent to Afghanistan, saying Kashmir has become a symbolic and prestigious matter for both sides and despite the strong role of the two countries’ military in foreign policy, the BJP’s extreme nationalist stance and its negative view of Muslims will not only fail to resolve the differences between the two countries in the near future but will continue in the form of war of words, as well as political and sometimes military conflicts.

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

Strategic Council Online: Given the recently announced decisions on Kashmir, several scenarios are foreseeable in the future, each requiring a specific reaction.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Strategic Council Online: There is a scenario about Kashmir whereby in the absence of any solution, the critical situation of Muslims in Kashmir will continue until other options are found in India and Pakistan in the future.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

أحدث الوظائف

Impact of Operation Cobweb on the Future Course of the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: While Donald Trump, the President of the United States, was pressuring the parties involved in the Ukraine war to initiate negotiations to end the conflict, Operation Cobweb emerged as an unexpected development that transformed the dynamics of this war. This operation, which led to the destruction of several Russian strategic Tu-22M3 bombers, has raised questions about the future of negotiations, the escalation of tensions, and its strategic implications for Russia’s foreign policy and relations with NATO.

Europe’s New Security Strategy Aimed at Defense Self-Sufficiency

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: On June 2, 2025, the Council of the European Union took an unprecedented step toward strengthening Europe’s military self-sufficiency by officially approving a new defense fund worth 150 billion euros. This decision, made after decades of institutional debate and effort in common security policy, is now regarded not merely as a technical or budgetary initiative but as a reflection of a paradigm shift in Europe’s strategic outlook on its security future.

Impact of the U.S.-China Tariff War on Iran’s Economy

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An economist and university faculty member stated that the temporary agreement between the U.S. and China to reduce trade tariffs, recently announced in Geneva, is a turning point in easing trade tensions between the two largest economies in the world. This development, which led to positive reactions in global markets and a rise in economic indicators, has indirect consequences for Iran’s economy.

Reasons for NATO’s Interest in a Military Partnership with Iraq

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that Christoph Henzi, the new NATO commander in Iraq, recently emphasized the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) continued commitment to coordinating and cooperating with Iraqi military and security institutions through experience-sharing, advisory services, and capacity-building.

Prospect of Military Confrontation Between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior West Asia affairs analyst stated that the recent ceasefire agreement between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the U.S., mediated by Oman, led to the cessation of Ansarullah’s attacks on non-Israeli ships in the Red Sea and the suspension of American airstrikes. This agreement, reached after weeks of intense clashes—during which Ansarullah targeted the USS Harry Truman aircraft carrier with missile and drone attacks, inflicting over a billion dollars in losses on the U.S.—marks a turning point in Yemen’s strategic equations. Ansarullah’s military successes, from downing MQ-9 Reaper drones to missile strikes on Ben Gurion Airport, which halted its operations and sent millions of Zionists to shelters, have solidified its position as a key player in the Axis of Resistance.

An Analysis of the Escalating Isolation of Netanyahu Govt Worldwide

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Netanyahu’s cabinet, which has recently launched a new military operation in Gaza, is insanely massacring civilians. The continuation of the war until the complete destruction of Gaza and its takeover is the ultimate goal of the Zionist regime’s recent military operation.

Reasons for the EU’s Cautious Approach Toward U.S. Tariff Hikes

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A European and American affairs expert stated that the European Union, due to its unstable economic situation and the Ukraine issue, is compelled to accommodate the U.S., and thus, it does not challenge America over the tariff hikes.

An Analysis of the Resumption of Diplomatic Relations Between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online– Interview: A senior analyst on South Asian affairs stated that after a period of escalating tensions, which led to the mass expulsion of Afghan refugees from Pakistan and a downgrade in diplomatic relations between Islamabad and Kabul, the two sides have strategically resumed relations at the ambassador level. This development, which followed high-level consultations and coincided with an informal trilateral meeting of the foreign ministers of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China in Beijing, signals a shared willingness to rebuild trust and deepen security and economic cooperation. This diplomatic shift must be understood as the result of intersecting security, economic, and geopolitical factors.

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Kashmir’s Muslims

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online: According to the agreement reached between the United States and the Taliban in March 2018, the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan will begin and by mid-July (July 2020) the number of US combat troops will reach 8600 persons. This is happening at a time when the bilateral security agreement between the United States and the Afghan government is still valid. In addition, in recent months, the activities of terrorist groups in Afghanistan have not diminished, but in addition to the Taliban’s spring attacks, ISIS terrorist activities in Afghanistan are taking civilian tolls from among the oppressed people of Afghanistan, and the atmosphere of insecurity has not changed. Although the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan is important, it may have significant implications for the future of Afghanistan and the region, given the shortcomings and negligence in fulfilling their commitments, especially in the field of training Afghan forces. Americans should accept responsibility and pay the damages.
Seyed Mostafa Hashemi – Afghan Affairs Expert

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Strategic Council Online: Given that Kashmir is considered one of the main red lines of the Pakistani government and people, Saudi Arabia has essentially adopted a thoughtful silence in this regard, which has become a challenge in relations between the two countries.
Mohammad Reza Asgari Moroudi – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Strategic Council Online: An Asian affairs analyst attributed the recent tension between Islamabad and New Delhi to the Kashmir issue and to some extent to Afghanistan, saying Kashmir has become a symbolic and prestigious matter for both sides and despite the strong role of the two countries’ military in foreign policy, the BJP’s extreme nationalist stance and its negative view of Muslims will not only fail to resolve the differences between the two countries in the near future but will continue in the form of war of words, as well as political and sometimes military conflicts.

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

Strategic Council Online: Given the recently announced decisions on Kashmir, several scenarios are foreseeable in the future, each requiring a specific reaction.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Strategic Council Online: There is a scenario about Kashmir whereby in the absence of any solution, the critical situation of Muslims in Kashmir will continue until other options are found in India and Pakistan in the future.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Kashmir’s Muslims

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online: According to the agreement reached between the United States and the Taliban in March 2018, the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan will begin and by mid-July (July 2020) the number of US combat troops will reach 8600 persons. This is happening at a time when the bilateral security agreement between the United States and the Afghan government is still valid. In addition, in recent months, the activities of terrorist groups in Afghanistan have not diminished, but in addition to the Taliban’s spring attacks, ISIS terrorist activities in Afghanistan are taking civilian tolls from among the oppressed people of Afghanistan, and the atmosphere of insecurity has not changed. Although the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan is important, it may have significant implications for the future of Afghanistan and the region, given the shortcomings and negligence in fulfilling their commitments, especially in the field of training Afghan forces. Americans should accept responsibility and pay the damages.
Seyed Mostafa Hashemi – Afghan Affairs Expert

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Strategic Council Online: Given that Kashmir is considered one of the main red lines of the Pakistani government and people, Saudi Arabia has essentially adopted a thoughtful silence in this regard, which has become a challenge in relations between the two countries.
Mohammad Reza Asgari Moroudi – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Strategic Council Online: An Asian affairs analyst attributed the recent tension between Islamabad and New Delhi to the Kashmir issue and to some extent to Afghanistan, saying Kashmir has become a symbolic and prestigious matter for both sides and despite the strong role of the two countries’ military in foreign policy, the BJP’s extreme nationalist stance and its negative view of Muslims will not only fail to resolve the differences between the two countries in the near future but will continue in the form of war of words, as well as political and sometimes military conflicts.

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

Strategic Council Online: Given the recently announced decisions on Kashmir, several scenarios are foreseeable in the future, each requiring a specific reaction.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Strategic Council Online: There is a scenario about Kashmir whereby in the absence of any solution, the critical situation of Muslims in Kashmir will continue until other options are found in India and Pakistan in the future.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

LATEST CONTENT

Impact of Operation Cobweb on the Future Course of the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: While Donald Trump, the President of the United States, was pressuring the parties involved in the Ukraine war to initiate negotiations to end the conflict, Operation Cobweb emerged as an unexpected development that transformed the dynamics of this war. This operation, which led to the destruction of several Russian strategic Tu-22M3 bombers, has raised questions about the future of negotiations, the escalation of tensions, and its strategic implications for Russia’s foreign policy and relations with NATO.

Europe’s New Security Strategy Aimed at Defense Self-Sufficiency

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: On June 2, 2025, the Council of the European Union took an unprecedented step toward strengthening Europe’s military self-sufficiency by officially approving a new defense fund worth 150 billion euros. This decision, made after decades of institutional debate and effort in common security policy, is now regarded not merely as a technical or budgetary initiative but as a reflection of a paradigm shift in Europe’s strategic outlook on its security future.

Impact of the U.S.-China Tariff War on Iran’s Economy

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An economist and university faculty member stated that the temporary agreement between the U.S. and China to reduce trade tariffs, recently announced in Geneva, is a turning point in easing trade tensions between the two largest economies in the world. This development, which led to positive reactions in global markets and a rise in economic indicators, has indirect consequences for Iran’s economy.

Reasons for NATO’s Interest in a Military Partnership with Iraq

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that Christoph Henzi, the new NATO commander in Iraq, recently emphasized the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) continued commitment to coordinating and cooperating with Iraqi military and security institutions through experience-sharing, advisory services, and capacity-building.

Prospect of Military Confrontation Between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior West Asia affairs analyst stated that the recent ceasefire agreement between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the U.S., mediated by Oman, led to the cessation of Ansarullah’s attacks on non-Israeli ships in the Red Sea and the suspension of American airstrikes. This agreement, reached after weeks of intense clashes—during which Ansarullah targeted the USS Harry Truman aircraft carrier with missile and drone attacks, inflicting over a billion dollars in losses on the U.S.—marks a turning point in Yemen’s strategic equations. Ansarullah’s military successes, from downing MQ-9 Reaper drones to missile strikes on Ben Gurion Airport, which halted its operations and sent millions of Zionists to shelters, have solidified its position as a key player in the Axis of Resistance.

An Analysis of the Escalating Isolation of Netanyahu Govt Worldwide

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Netanyahu’s cabinet, which has recently launched a new military operation in Gaza, is insanely massacring civilians. The continuation of the war until the complete destruction of Gaza and its takeover is the ultimate goal of the Zionist regime’s recent military operation.

Reasons for the EU’s Cautious Approach Toward U.S. Tariff Hikes

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A European and American affairs expert stated that the European Union, due to its unstable economic situation and the Ukraine issue, is compelled to accommodate the U.S., and thus, it does not challenge America over the tariff hikes.

An Analysis of the Resumption of Diplomatic Relations Between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online– Interview: A senior analyst on South Asian affairs stated that after a period of escalating tensions, which led to the mass expulsion of Afghan refugees from Pakistan and a downgrade in diplomatic relations between Islamabad and Kabul, the two sides have strategically resumed relations at the ambassador level. This development, which followed high-level consultations and coincided with an informal trilateral meeting of the foreign ministers of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China in Beijing, signals a shared willingness to rebuild trust and deepen security and economic cooperation. This diplomatic shift must be understood as the result of intersecting security, economic, and geopolitical factors.

Loading

Kashmir’s Muslims

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Implications of US Troops Pullout from Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online: According to the agreement reached between the United States and the Taliban in March 2018, the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan will begin and by mid-July (July 2020) the number of US combat troops will reach 8600 persons. This is happening at a time when the bilateral security agreement between the United States and the Afghan government is still valid. In addition, in recent months, the activities of terrorist groups in Afghanistan have not diminished, but in addition to the Taliban’s spring attacks, ISIS terrorist activities in Afghanistan are taking civilian tolls from among the oppressed people of Afghanistan, and the atmosphere of insecurity has not changed. Although the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan is important, it may have significant implications for the future of Afghanistan and the region, given the shortcomings and negligence in fulfilling their commitments, especially in the field of training Afghan forces. Americans should accept responsibility and pay the damages.
Seyed Mostafa Hashemi – Afghan Affairs Expert

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Kashmir the Cause of Tension in Pakistan-Saudi Relations

Strategic Council Online: Given that Kashmir is considered one of the main red lines of the Pakistani government and people, Saudi Arabia has essentially adopted a thoughtful silence in this regard, which has become a challenge in relations between the two countries.
Mohammad Reza Asgari Moroudi – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Dimensions of New Tensions between Islamabad & Delhi

Strategic Council Online: An Asian affairs analyst attributed the recent tension between Islamabad and New Delhi to the Kashmir issue and to some extent to Afghanistan, saying Kashmir has become a symbolic and prestigious matter for both sides and despite the strong role of the two countries’ military in foreign policy, the BJP’s extreme nationalist stance and its negative view of Muslims will not only fail to resolve the differences between the two countries in the near future but will continue in the form of war of words, as well as political and sometimes military conflicts.

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

India’s Creeping Strategy against Kashmir

Strategic Council Online: Given the recently announced decisions on Kashmir, several scenarios are foreseeable in the future, each requiring a specific reaction.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of Kashmir Crisis

Strategic Council Online: There is a scenario about Kashmir whereby in the absence of any solution, the critical situation of Muslims in Kashmir will continue until other options are found in India and Pakistan in the future.
Nozar Shafiei – Subcontinent Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Impact of Operation Cobweb on the Future Course of the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: While Donald Trump, the President of the United States, was pressuring the parties involved in the Ukraine war to initiate negotiations to end the conflict, Operation Cobweb emerged as an unexpected development that transformed the dynamics of this war. This operation, which led to the destruction of several Russian strategic Tu-22M3 bombers, has raised questions about the future of negotiations, the escalation of tensions, and its strategic implications for Russia’s foreign policy and relations with NATO.

Europe’s New Security Strategy Aimed at Defense Self-Sufficiency

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: On June 2, 2025, the Council of the European Union took an unprecedented step toward strengthening Europe’s military self-sufficiency by officially approving a new defense fund worth 150 billion euros. This decision, made after decades of institutional debate and effort in common security policy, is now regarded not merely as a technical or budgetary initiative but as a reflection of a paradigm shift in Europe’s strategic outlook on its security future.

Impact of the U.S.-China Tariff War on Iran’s Economy

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An economist and university faculty member stated that the temporary agreement between the U.S. and China to reduce trade tariffs, recently announced in Geneva, is a turning point in easing trade tensions between the two largest economies in the world. This development, which led to positive reactions in global markets and a rise in economic indicators, has indirect consequences for Iran’s economy.

Reasons for NATO’s Interest in a Military Partnership with Iraq

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that Christoph Henzi, the new NATO commander in Iraq, recently emphasized the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) continued commitment to coordinating and cooperating with Iraqi military and security institutions through experience-sharing, advisory services, and capacity-building.

Prospect of Military Confrontation Between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior West Asia affairs analyst stated that the recent ceasefire agreement between Yemen’s Ansarullah and the U.S., mediated by Oman, led to the cessation of Ansarullah’s attacks on non-Israeli ships in the Red Sea and the suspension of American airstrikes. This agreement, reached after weeks of intense clashes—during which Ansarullah targeted the USS Harry Truman aircraft carrier with missile and drone attacks, inflicting over a billion dollars in losses on the U.S.—marks a turning point in Yemen’s strategic equations. Ansarullah’s military successes, from downing MQ-9 Reaper drones to missile strikes on Ben Gurion Airport, which halted its operations and sent millions of Zionists to shelters, have solidified its position as a key player in the Axis of Resistance.

An Analysis of the Escalating Isolation of Netanyahu Govt Worldwide

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Netanyahu’s cabinet, which has recently launched a new military operation in Gaza, is insanely massacring civilians. The continuation of the war until the complete destruction of Gaza and its takeover is the ultimate goal of the Zionist regime’s recent military operation.

Reasons for the EU’s Cautious Approach Toward U.S. Tariff Hikes

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A European and American affairs expert stated that the European Union, due to its unstable economic situation and the Ukraine issue, is compelled to accommodate the U.S., and thus, it does not challenge America over the tariff hikes.

An Analysis of the Resumption of Diplomatic Relations Between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online– Interview: A senior analyst on South Asian affairs stated that after a period of escalating tensions, which led to the mass expulsion of Afghan refugees from Pakistan and a downgrade in diplomatic relations between Islamabad and Kabul, the two sides have strategically resumed relations at the ambassador level. This development, which followed high-level consultations and coincided with an informal trilateral meeting of the foreign ministers of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China in Beijing, signals a shared willingness to rebuild trust and deepen security and economic cooperation. This diplomatic shift must be understood as the result of intersecting security, economic, and geopolitical factors.

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