جدیدترین مطالب

Iran’s Strategic Opportunity to Become the Pharmaceutical Hub of West Asia

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior health-sector analyst stated that for Iran to become the regional pharmaceutical hub, it must shift the playing field in its favor. Iran’s strategy should be built on three pillars: speed, leveraging indigenous intelligence, and positive strategic dependence, to transform from a commodity seller into the architect and guarantor of regional health security.

The Prospect of a Possible Trade Agreement between the United States and China

Strategic Council Online– Interview: An international relations expert stated that the growing possibility of a trade agreement between the United States and China following the recent meeting between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping in South Korea is not a strategic economic reconciliation, but rather a tactical move by Beijing in the process of restructuring power within the emerging world order.

Chabahar’s Strategic Position Amid Rising India-U.S. Tensions

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An analyst of subcontinent affairs stated: Chabahar has become the focal point of the intersection of India and America’s competition and cooperation; a place where diplomacy, economy, and geopolitics intertwine.

The Position of Water Diplomacy in Safeguarding Iran’s Water Rights

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An international affairs expert said, “By utilizing multilateral capacities and regional diplomacy, Iran is trying to establish geopolitical balance against the water policies of its neighbors while safeguarding its historical water rights.”

Egypt’s Motives and Goals for Mediation in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An Egyptian affairs expert stated that Cairo has recently established a direct role in mediating the reduction of regional tensions, as well as in reducing or managing tensions between Iran and the West and with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The West’s Confusion in the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online– Opinion: The experience of three and a half years of Russia’s war with Ukraine and the tensions it has had with the West within this framework have shown that the Russians have not only given in at any stage in the face of Western pressure, including sanctions, but this has also led to an escalation of tensions, differences, and conflicts, both in the region and in Russia-West relations. In practice, any effort in this regard has so far had at least negative results for the Ukrainians, and they have faced increased Russian attacks.

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Indo-Pacific region

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although various questions and hypotheses have been raised about the reason why India and the European Union returned to negotiating table on Comprehensive Trade and Investment Agreement talks after a long pause, despite the importance of economic and trade issues on the foreign policy of both sides, it seems that the most important and essential impetus for New Delhi and Brussels were new geopolitical realities for the revival of negotiations and making effort to reach the Agreement.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Affaires

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The news of the agreement to increase military cooperation between Britain and India has become an important issue in the international system; The agreement, according to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, is aimed at expanding security and defense cooperation to achieve so-called peace and global security.
Hossein Sayyahi—Researcher of international affairs

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, commenting on the recent meeting between presidents of Russia and China said: Russian President Vladimir Putin recently met with Chinese President Xi Jinping after two years. Although the excuse for Putin’s travel to Beijing was to attend the opening ceremony of China’s 2022 Winter Olympics, the meeting was in fact in line with new understandings and agreements between Beijing and Moscow, as well as signing of 15 cooperation agreements.

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Joe Biden recently met with prime ministers of Australia, Japan and India in the United States. It was in 2007 that the first meeting of the Quad Group (the US, Australia, Japan and India) was held in New York in order to confront China’s growing power in the two diplomacy and security areas in Indo-Pacific region.
Reza Majidzadeh – Director of Simorgh Development Working Group, Pasargad Millennium Plan Think Tank

China’s Missile Strategy against US

China’s Missile Strategy against US

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Some international media outlets have recently claimed that China has conducted a missile test in which a hypersonic missile was able to reach its predetermined target after orbiting the Earth. Although the Chinese government has denied such allegations, the news has once again brought under question China’s missile strategy in the spotlight and China’s target of developing its missile program.
Hossein Sayyahi – Researcher of East Asia

أحدث الوظائف

Iran’s Strategic Opportunity to Become the Pharmaceutical Hub of West Asia

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior health-sector analyst stated that for Iran to become the regional pharmaceutical hub, it must shift the playing field in its favor. Iran’s strategy should be built on three pillars: speed, leveraging indigenous intelligence, and positive strategic dependence, to transform from a commodity seller into the architect and guarantor of regional health security.

The Prospect of a Possible Trade Agreement between the United States and China

Strategic Council Online– Interview: An international relations expert stated that the growing possibility of a trade agreement between the United States and China following the recent meeting between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping in South Korea is not a strategic economic reconciliation, but rather a tactical move by Beijing in the process of restructuring power within the emerging world order.

Chabahar’s Strategic Position Amid Rising India-U.S. Tensions

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An analyst of subcontinent affairs stated: Chabahar has become the focal point of the intersection of India and America’s competition and cooperation; a place where diplomacy, economy, and geopolitics intertwine.

The Position of Water Diplomacy in Safeguarding Iran’s Water Rights

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An international affairs expert said, “By utilizing multilateral capacities and regional diplomacy, Iran is trying to establish geopolitical balance against the water policies of its neighbors while safeguarding its historical water rights.”

Egypt’s Motives and Goals for Mediation in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An Egyptian affairs expert stated that Cairo has recently established a direct role in mediating the reduction of regional tensions, as well as in reducing or managing tensions between Iran and the West and with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The West’s Confusion in the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online– Opinion: The experience of three and a half years of Russia’s war with Ukraine and the tensions it has had with the West within this framework have shown that the Russians have not only given in at any stage in the face of Western pressure, including sanctions, but this has also led to an escalation of tensions, differences, and conflicts, both in the region and in Russia-West relations. In practice, any effort in this regard has so far had at least negative results for the Ukrainians, and they have faced increased Russian attacks.

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Indo-Pacific region

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although various questions and hypotheses have been raised about the reason why India and the European Union returned to negotiating table on Comprehensive Trade and Investment Agreement talks after a long pause, despite the importance of economic and trade issues on the foreign policy of both sides, it seems that the most important and essential impetus for New Delhi and Brussels were new geopolitical realities for the revival of negotiations and making effort to reach the Agreement.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Affaires

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The news of the agreement to increase military cooperation between Britain and India has become an important issue in the international system; The agreement, according to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, is aimed at expanding security and defense cooperation to achieve so-called peace and global security.
Hossein Sayyahi—Researcher of international affairs

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, commenting on the recent meeting between presidents of Russia and China said: Russian President Vladimir Putin recently met with Chinese President Xi Jinping after two years. Although the excuse for Putin’s travel to Beijing was to attend the opening ceremony of China’s 2022 Winter Olympics, the meeting was in fact in line with new understandings and agreements between Beijing and Moscow, as well as signing of 15 cooperation agreements.

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Joe Biden recently met with prime ministers of Australia, Japan and India in the United States. It was in 2007 that the first meeting of the Quad Group (the US, Australia, Japan and India) was held in New York in order to confront China’s growing power in the two diplomacy and security areas in Indo-Pacific region.
Reza Majidzadeh – Director of Simorgh Development Working Group, Pasargad Millennium Plan Think Tank

China’s Missile Strategy against US

China’s Missile Strategy against US

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Some international media outlets have recently claimed that China has conducted a missile test in which a hypersonic missile was able to reach its predetermined target after orbiting the Earth. Although the Chinese government has denied such allegations, the news has once again brought under question China’s missile strategy in the spotlight and China’s target of developing its missile program.
Hossein Sayyahi – Researcher of East Asia

Indo-Pacific region

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although various questions and hypotheses have been raised about the reason why India and the European Union returned to negotiating table on Comprehensive Trade and Investment Agreement talks after a long pause, despite the importance of economic and trade issues on the foreign policy of both sides, it seems that the most important and essential impetus for New Delhi and Brussels were new geopolitical realities for the revival of negotiations and making effort to reach the Agreement.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Affaires

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The news of the agreement to increase military cooperation between Britain and India has become an important issue in the international system; The agreement, according to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, is aimed at expanding security and defense cooperation to achieve so-called peace and global security.
Hossein Sayyahi—Researcher of international affairs

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, commenting on the recent meeting between presidents of Russia and China said: Russian President Vladimir Putin recently met with Chinese President Xi Jinping after two years. Although the excuse for Putin’s travel to Beijing was to attend the opening ceremony of China’s 2022 Winter Olympics, the meeting was in fact in line with new understandings and agreements between Beijing and Moscow, as well as signing of 15 cooperation agreements.

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Joe Biden recently met with prime ministers of Australia, Japan and India in the United States. It was in 2007 that the first meeting of the Quad Group (the US, Australia, Japan and India) was held in New York in order to confront China’s growing power in the two diplomacy and security areas in Indo-Pacific region.
Reza Majidzadeh – Director of Simorgh Development Working Group, Pasargad Millennium Plan Think Tank

China’s Missile Strategy against US

China’s Missile Strategy against US

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Some international media outlets have recently claimed that China has conducted a missile test in which a hypersonic missile was able to reach its predetermined target after orbiting the Earth. Although the Chinese government has denied such allegations, the news has once again brought under question China’s missile strategy in the spotlight and China’s target of developing its missile program.
Hossein Sayyahi – Researcher of East Asia

LATEST CONTENT

Iran’s Strategic Opportunity to Become the Pharmaceutical Hub of West Asia

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior health-sector analyst stated that for Iran to become the regional pharmaceutical hub, it must shift the playing field in its favor. Iran’s strategy should be built on three pillars: speed, leveraging indigenous intelligence, and positive strategic dependence, to transform from a commodity seller into the architect and guarantor of regional health security.

The Prospect of a Possible Trade Agreement between the United States and China

Strategic Council Online– Interview: An international relations expert stated that the growing possibility of a trade agreement between the United States and China following the recent meeting between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping in South Korea is not a strategic economic reconciliation, but rather a tactical move by Beijing in the process of restructuring power within the emerging world order.

Chabahar’s Strategic Position Amid Rising India-U.S. Tensions

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An analyst of subcontinent affairs stated: Chabahar has become the focal point of the intersection of India and America’s competition and cooperation; a place where diplomacy, economy, and geopolitics intertwine.

The Position of Water Diplomacy in Safeguarding Iran’s Water Rights

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An international affairs expert said, “By utilizing multilateral capacities and regional diplomacy, Iran is trying to establish geopolitical balance against the water policies of its neighbors while safeguarding its historical water rights.”

Egypt’s Motives and Goals for Mediation in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An Egyptian affairs expert stated that Cairo has recently established a direct role in mediating the reduction of regional tensions, as well as in reducing or managing tensions between Iran and the West and with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The West’s Confusion in the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online– Opinion: The experience of three and a half years of Russia’s war with Ukraine and the tensions it has had with the West within this framework have shown that the Russians have not only given in at any stage in the face of Western pressure, including sanctions, but this has also led to an escalation of tensions, differences, and conflicts, both in the region and in Russia-West relations. In practice, any effort in this regard has so far had at least negative results for the Ukrainians, and they have faced increased Russian attacks.

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Indo-Pacific region

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although various questions and hypotheses have been raised about the reason why India and the European Union returned to negotiating table on Comprehensive Trade and Investment Agreement talks after a long pause, despite the importance of economic and trade issues on the foreign policy of both sides, it seems that the most important and essential impetus for New Delhi and Brussels were new geopolitical realities for the revival of negotiations and making effort to reach the Agreement.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Affaires

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The news of the agreement to increase military cooperation between Britain and India has become an important issue in the international system; The agreement, according to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, is aimed at expanding security and defense cooperation to achieve so-called peace and global security.
Hossein Sayyahi—Researcher of international affairs

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, commenting on the recent meeting between presidents of Russia and China said: Russian President Vladimir Putin recently met with Chinese President Xi Jinping after two years. Although the excuse for Putin’s travel to Beijing was to attend the opening ceremony of China’s 2022 Winter Olympics, the meeting was in fact in line with new understandings and agreements between Beijing and Moscow, as well as signing of 15 cooperation agreements.

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Joe Biden recently met with prime ministers of Australia, Japan and India in the United States. It was in 2007 that the first meeting of the Quad Group (the US, Australia, Japan and India) was held in New York in order to confront China’s growing power in the two diplomacy and security areas in Indo-Pacific region.
Reza Majidzadeh – Director of Simorgh Development Working Group, Pasargad Millennium Plan Think Tank

China’s Missile Strategy against US

China’s Missile Strategy against US

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Some international media outlets have recently claimed that China has conducted a missile test in which a hypersonic missile was able to reach its predetermined target after orbiting the Earth. Although the Chinese government has denied such allegations, the news has once again brought under question China’s missile strategy in the spotlight and China’s target of developing its missile program.
Hossein Sayyahi – Researcher of East Asia

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Iran’s Strategic Opportunity to Become the Pharmaceutical Hub of West Asia

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior health-sector analyst stated that for Iran to become the regional pharmaceutical hub, it must shift the playing field in its favor. Iran’s strategy should be built on three pillars: speed, leveraging indigenous intelligence, and positive strategic dependence, to transform from a commodity seller into the architect and guarantor of regional health security.

The Prospect of a Possible Trade Agreement between the United States and China

Strategic Council Online– Interview: An international relations expert stated that the growing possibility of a trade agreement between the United States and China following the recent meeting between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping in South Korea is not a strategic economic reconciliation, but rather a tactical move by Beijing in the process of restructuring power within the emerging world order.

Chabahar’s Strategic Position Amid Rising India-U.S. Tensions

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An analyst of subcontinent affairs stated: Chabahar has become the focal point of the intersection of India and America’s competition and cooperation; a place where diplomacy, economy, and geopolitics intertwine.

The Position of Water Diplomacy in Safeguarding Iran’s Water Rights

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An international affairs expert said, “By utilizing multilateral capacities and regional diplomacy, Iran is trying to establish geopolitical balance against the water policies of its neighbors while safeguarding its historical water rights.”

Egypt’s Motives and Goals for Mediation in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An Egyptian affairs expert stated that Cairo has recently established a direct role in mediating the reduction of regional tensions, as well as in reducing or managing tensions between Iran and the West and with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The West’s Confusion in the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online– Opinion: The experience of three and a half years of Russia’s war with Ukraine and the tensions it has had with the West within this framework have shown that the Russians have not only given in at any stage in the face of Western pressure, including sanctions, but this has also led to an escalation of tensions, differences, and conflicts, both in the region and in Russia-West relations. In practice, any effort in this regard has so far had at least negative results for the Ukrainians, and they have faced increased Russian attacks.

Loading

Indo-Pacific region

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Free Trade Agreement between Europe & India in the Light of New Geopolitical Realities

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although various questions and hypotheses have been raised about the reason why India and the European Union returned to negotiating table on Comprehensive Trade and Investment Agreement talks after a long pause, despite the importance of economic and trade issues on the foreign policy of both sides, it seems that the most important and essential impetus for New Delhi and Brussels were new geopolitical realities for the revival of negotiations and making effort to reach the Agreement.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Affaires

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Two sides of the coin regarding the strengthening of British-Indian military and security cooperation

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The news of the agreement to increase military cooperation between Britain and India has become an important issue in the international system; The agreement, according to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, is aimed at expanding security and defense cooperation to achieve so-called peace and global security.
Hossein Sayyahi—Researcher of international affairs

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Message of Chinese,-Russian Presidents’ in Recent Meeting

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, commenting on the recent meeting between presidents of Russia and China said: Russian President Vladimir Putin recently met with Chinese President Xi Jinping after two years. Although the excuse for Putin’s travel to Beijing was to attend the opening ceremony of China’s 2022 Winter Olympics, the meeting was in fact in line with new understandings and agreements between Beijing and Moscow, as well as signing of 15 cooperation agreements.

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Quad; Strategic Partnership in Soft Confrontation with China

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Joe Biden recently met with prime ministers of Australia, Japan and India in the United States. It was in 2007 that the first meeting of the Quad Group (the US, Australia, Japan and India) was held in New York in order to confront China’s growing power in the two diplomacy and security areas in Indo-Pacific region.
Reza Majidzadeh – Director of Simorgh Development Working Group, Pasargad Millennium Plan Think Tank

China’s Missile Strategy against US

China’s Missile Strategy against US

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Some international media outlets have recently claimed that China has conducted a missile test in which a hypersonic missile was able to reach its predetermined target after orbiting the Earth. Although the Chinese government has denied such allegations, the news has once again brought under question China’s missile strategy in the spotlight and China’s target of developing its missile program.
Hossein Sayyahi – Researcher of East Asia

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Iran’s Strategic Opportunity to Become the Pharmaceutical Hub of West Asia

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior health-sector analyst stated that for Iran to become the regional pharmaceutical hub, it must shift the playing field in its favor. Iran’s strategy should be built on three pillars: speed, leveraging indigenous intelligence, and positive strategic dependence, to transform from a commodity seller into the architect and guarantor of regional health security.

The Prospect of a Possible Trade Agreement between the United States and China

Strategic Council Online– Interview: An international relations expert stated that the growing possibility of a trade agreement between the United States and China following the recent meeting between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping in South Korea is not a strategic economic reconciliation, but rather a tactical move by Beijing in the process of restructuring power within the emerging world order.

Chabahar’s Strategic Position Amid Rising India-U.S. Tensions

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An analyst of subcontinent affairs stated: Chabahar has become the focal point of the intersection of India and America’s competition and cooperation; a place where diplomacy, economy, and geopolitics intertwine.

The Position of Water Diplomacy in Safeguarding Iran’s Water Rights

Strategic Council Online- Interview: An international affairs expert said, “By utilizing multilateral capacities and regional diplomacy, Iran is trying to establish geopolitical balance against the water policies of its neighbors while safeguarding its historical water rights.”

Egypt’s Motives and Goals for Mediation in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An Egyptian affairs expert stated that Cairo has recently established a direct role in mediating the reduction of regional tensions, as well as in reducing or managing tensions between Iran and the West and with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The West’s Confusion in the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online– Opinion: The experience of three and a half years of Russia’s war with Ukraine and the tensions it has had with the West within this framework have shown that the Russians have not only given in at any stage in the face of Western pressure, including sanctions, but this has also led to an escalation of tensions, differences, and conflicts, both in the region and in Russia-West relations. In practice, any effort in this regard has so far had at least negative results for the Ukrainians, and they have faced increased Russian attacks.

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